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Histrionicotoxine
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Die Histrionicotoxine sind eine Gruppe von Alkaloiden, welche in der Haut von BaumsteigerfrΓΆschen vorkommen. Es handelt sich um Spiroverbindungen aus einem Cyclohexan- und einem Piperidin-Ring.cite-ref-1[1]
Contents
β’ Vorkommen
β’ Vertreter
β’ Eigenschaften
β’ Einzelnachweise
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Vorkommen
Die Histrionicotoxine wurden in dem Harlekin-Baumsteiger (Dendrobates histrionicus), selten auch Gepunkteter Pfeilgiftfrosch genannt, gefunden.cite-ref-natur-2-0[2]
Vertreter
Zu den Hauptvertretern zΓ€hlen u. a. Histrionicotoxin (283A), Allodihydro-Histrionicotoxin (285C) und Isodihydro-Histrionicotoxin (285A).cite-ref-r-mpp-3-0[3]
Eigenschaften
Histrionicotoxine sind potente Antagonisten des nikotinischen Acetylcholinrezeptors. Der Wirkmechanismus ist komplex und beinhaltet paradoxerweise eine positive allosterische Modulation der postsynaptischen Rezeptoren, wodurch die motorischen Endplatten anfΓ€lliger fΓΌr einen Depolarisationsblock werden.cite-ref-4[4]cite-ref-5[5]
Aus chemischer Sicht sind diese Substanzen durch die terminalen Alkingruppen (Cβ‘C-Dreifachbindung) interessant.
Einzelnachweise
cite-note-11. β A. Sinclair, R. A. Stockman: Thirty-five years of synthetic studies directed towards the histrionicotoxin family of alkaloids. In: Natural Product Reports. Band 24, Nr. 2, 2007, S. 298β326, doi:10.1039/b604203c, PMID 17389999.
cite-note-natur-22. β G. Habermehl, P. Hammann, H. Krebs: Naturstoffchemie. 3. Auflage. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-73732-2, S. 157.
cite-note-r-mpp-33. β Eintrag zu Histrionicotoxine. In: RΓΆmpp Online. Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 29. Mai 2020.
cite-note-44. β W. Burgermeister, W. A. Catterall, B. Witkop: Histrionicotoxin enhances agonist-induced desensitization of acetylcholine receptor. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Band 74, Nummer 12, Dezember 1977, S. 5754β5758, PMID 272000, PMC 431872 (freier Volltext).